![]() ![]() In this review, we comprehensively summarized the surface engineering strategies for MXene nanostructures, including surface termination engineering, defect engineering, heteroatom doping engineering (metals or non-metals), secondary material engineering, and extension to MXene analogues. ![]() ![]() Surface engineering of MXenes has been rationally designed and investigated to regulate their electronic structure, increase the density of active sites, optimize the binding energy, and thus boost the electrocatalytic performance. However, slow catalytic reaction kinetics and limited active sites have severely impeded their further practical applications. MXenes have been extensively studied due to their high metallic conductivity, hydrophilic properties, tunable layer structure and attractive surface chemistry, making them highly desirable for energy-related applications. ![]()
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